The World in Economic Crisis Remarks from the SYLFF Community

Ilona Baumane-Vitolina 9
Change Management Experience in the Baltic States 9
Introduction 9
Theoretical background of the research 10
Research methodology 13
Main findings 15
Baltic managers from a Western perspective 18
Conclusion and implementation for managers 23
References 24
João António Furtado Brito
The Challenges of Economic Crisis in Portugal 25
Introduction 25
Economic growth, evolution of the Portuguese public accounts and outlook 26
Memorandum of Understanding – the economic adjustment programme 36
1. Fiscal sector 37
2. Financial sector 38
3. Labor market sector 38
4. Competition and business environment sector 39
Implementation of the economic adjustment programme 40
Conclusion 41
References 41
Reny Fitriana Kaban
The World in Economic Crisis: What Are the Causes and the Impact on Asia, Particularly Indonesia? 43
Introduction 43
The causes of economic crisis 44
1. The global financial crisis in 2008 44
2. The sovereign debt crisis of the euro area 45
Causes of European Union debt crisis 47
The European debt crisis: implications for Asia 48
Impact of the crisis 49
Public debt financing in Asia less at risk 49
Systemic implications for macroeconomic coordination in Asia and the Pacific 52
The Euro crisis and its impact on Indonesia’s economy 54
Conclusion 55
References 56
Marcin Grabowski
Monetary Integration in Europe and Asia and Economic Crises 57
Optimum currency area 58
European monetary union and convergence criteria 60
Asian monetary integration? 67
Conclusion 70
References 72
Loretta Huszák
Holistic Approach and Intellectual Property 75
1. Economic crises and intellectual property 75
2. IP and economic growth 76
3. How are IPRs structured? 79
4. NIPOs adapting to changing realities: the holistic approach 84
5. Copyright issues in the portfolio of national IP offices 85
6. Increased attention to enforcement issues among the NIPOs 87
7. Innovation support and NIPOs 90
8. Conclusion: a holistic approach in the administration of IPRs 91
References 92
Sarojini Imran
Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism between European and Southeast Asian Countries 95
Introduction 95
Tourism in Europe 97
Economics in Southeast Countries 99
Top Ten Country/Regional Sources of Visitors to ASEAN as of 30 June 2012 101
ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2011–2015 104
Analysis 104
Conclusion 105
References 106
Paweł Laidler
The Economic Crisis in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Elections: Challenges and Expectations 107
References 123
Csaba Mate Sarnyai, Tibor Pap
The Role of Dynamic Democracy in the Formation of Europe-level Solidarity and Identity 127
1. Introduction 127
1.1. Preliminary comments on the context 127
1.2. A theoretically-minded lead-in 128
1.3. The role of subsystem structures in the social inclusion of economy 130
1.4. The possible roles of ‘state’ and politics in the process of Europeanization 131
2. Models of interpretation 133
2.1. The social-theoretical basis of the policies aiming at mitigating inequities 133
2.2. Interactions between subsystems of society 134
3. Dynamic democracy 135
3.1. Ideal types of representational politics in the 19th and 20th centuries 135
3.2. Changing trends in political representation at the turn of the millennium 135
3.3. The inactivity of the EU and representation 136
3.4. How is efficient EU-representation possible in popular democracies? 137
4. The mutual irritations of subsystems: interpenetration of specific policies.... 138
5. Summary 139
References 140